Paramesonephric duct
Müllerian ducts (or paramesonephric ducts) are paired ducts of the embryo that run down the lateral sides of the urogenital ridge and terminate at the Müllerian eminence in the primitive urogenital sinus. In the female, they will develop to form the Fallopian tubes, uterus, cervix, and the upper two-thirds of the vagina;[1] in the male, they are lost. These ducts are made of tissue of mesodermal origin.[2]
Development
The female reproductive system is composed of two embryological segments: the urogenital sinus and the Müllerian ducts. The two are conjoined at the Müllerian tubercle.[3] Müllerian ducts are present on the embryo of both sexes.[4] Only in females do they develop into reproductive organs. They degenerate in males, but the adjoining Wolffian ducts develop into male reproductive organs. The sex based differences in the contributions of the Müllerian ducts to reproductive organs is based on the presence, and degree of presence, of Müllerian Inhibiting factor.
Regulation of development
The development of the Müllerian ducts is controlled by the presence or absence of "AMH", or Anti-Müllerian hormone (also known as "MIF" for "Müllerian-inhibiting factor", or "MIH" for "Müllerian-inhibiting hormone").[5]
Eponym
They are named after Johannes Peter Müller, a physiologist who described these ducts in his text "Bildungsgeschichte der Genitalien" in 1830.
Additional images
See also
References
- ^ Sizonenko, P.C.. "Human Sexual Differentiation". http://www.gfmer.ch/Books/Reproductive_health/Human_sexual_differentiation.html. Retrieved 2008-09-04.
- ^ Hashimoto R (2011-07-27). "Development of the human Müllerian duct in the sexually undifferentiated stage". The Anatomical Record Part A: Discoveries in Molecular, Cellular, and Evolutionary Biology 272 (2): 514–9. doi:10.1002/ar.a.10061. PMID 12740945.
- ^ Yasmin Sajjad (2011-07-27). "Development of the genital ducts and external genitalia in the early human embryo". The Journal of Obstetrics and Gynaecology Research 36 (5): 929–937. doi:10.1111/j.1447-0756.2010.01272.x.
- ^ Rey R, Grinspon R (2011-07-27). "Normal male sexual differentiation and aetiology of disorders of sex development". Male Reproductive Endocrinology 25 (2): 221–238. doi:10.1016/j.beem.2010.08.013.
- ^ Ball B, Conley A, Grundy S, Sabeur K, Liu I (2011-07-27). "Expression of anti-Mullerian hormone (AMH) in the equine testis". Theriogenology 69 (5): 624–631.
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